Global Connections: 1450-1750

Caravels

Submarines

Battleships

Aircraft carriers

Electric Telegraph

Compass

Printing Press

Steam Engine

Barley

Rice

Wheat

Potatoes

His reliance solely on oral sermons limited the potential reach; printed materials helped spread his message only after his death.

Martin Luther actively discouraged the use of print, preferring to keep discussions confined to academic settings to avoid stirring public outcry.

Printing technology had negligible effect because literacy rates remained low, rendering mass communication ineffective.

It expedited widespread dissemination of his ideas, thereby fostering religious reform movements.

To improve agricultural productivity

To enhance communication systems

To facilitate exploration and establishment of trade routes

To develop better healthcare techniques

The invention of windmills

The development of gunpowder weapons.

The use of mechanical clocks

The introduction of three-field crop rotation

Consistent trade winds

Mountain ranges

Desert climates

River valleys

An increase in overland trade between Asian and European nations.

The immediate colonization of Australia by European powers.

The widespread adoption of Eastern naval technologies in Western cultures.

The expansion of European maritime trade routes around Africa and into the Atlantic.

Christopher Columbus

James Cook

Vasco da Gama

Hernán Cortés

States used gunpowder technology primarily for ceremonial purposes rather than significant military alteration.

Gunpowder led to an increased reliance on European trade goods and weapons among non-European states.

It enabled some states to resist European encroachment more effectively through military modernization.

This innovation caused a decline in traditional cavalry forces, reducing their dominance on battlefields globally.