Global Connections: 1450-1750

The development of crop rotation systems.

The invention of the seed drill.

The introduction of the horse for labor.

The use of water-powered mills.

Capitalism waned because state-controlled economies became more common as monarchies tried controlling newfound resources abroad.

Socialism arose since disparities grew between colonies' elite landlords and indentured servants working on plantations exporting cash crops back home.

Feudalism strengthened due to increased demand for agricultural land overseas despite its decline within Europe itself at that time.

Mercantilism developed as states sought to harness colonial resources and trade balances were affected by new world crops like potatoes.

Natural conversion after reading the Bible

Royal decree by the King

Forced Encomienda conversion

Our Lady of Guadalupe

Europeans intentionally infected Native Americans.

Insufficient medical knowledge among Native Americans created higher fatality rates.

Diseases were specifically targeted towards Native Americans.

Native Americans had no immunity to these foreign diseases.

Implementing a caste system based on education rather than birthright

By abolishing pre-Columbian aristocracy structures

Through equal land distribution among settlers and natives

By entrusting indigenous labor to Spanish settlers who were higher in hierarchy

Deforestation intensified due to increased agricultural activity.

Desertification occurred in Europe and Asia.

Ozone layer depletion became a major issue during this period.

There was a rise in sea levels globally.

Native Americans' advanced irrigation systems greatly impressed European settlers who adopted them widely.

Europeans adapted their maritime technologies using indigenous methods for better navigation around America's coasts.

European animals and plants transformed Native American ecosystems and agriculture practices.

Extreme climate differences prevented any significant exchange between continents initially.

Urbanization slowed down significantly because rural areas could support larger populations through enhanced agriculture productivity.

Feudal bonds strengthened since serfs became more dependent on Lord-provided seeds from American plants for sustenance.

Population growth occurred as nutritious staples like maize greatly improved food security across various regions.

Widespread vegetarianism took hold because animal husbandry diminished when compared with crop farming efficiency improvements.

Large-scale mining operations stimulated both local labor systems like encomienda and global trade networks predominantly involving silver exportation

Mining efforts had no lasting impact since gold reserves quickly depleted causing economic collapse

Slavery completely disappeared as Indigenous labor became sufficient for production demands

Spain transitioned mostly into an agrarian society focusing exclusively on plantation agriculture

Rice

Potatoes

Barley

Wheat