Revolutions (1750-1900)

A social norm that encouraged women to work in factories

A factory system that employed women to work long hours

A belief that women should be responsible for household duties and child-rearing

A political movement that advocated for women's rights

These innovations rendered long-distance trade obsolete, causing a decline in global mercantilism.

They facilitated faster international trade, leading to interconnected markets and increased globalization.

Steamships and railroads caused a worldwide increase in subsistence farming due to imported goods becoming less competitive.

Such technological developments led to a sudden stop in colonialism as the need for overseas trade diminished.

Very rare

Likely to supervise other workers

Most often doing clerical work

Paid less than men

The production of goods was more expensive than ever before

A major increase in CO2 emissions

The feminist movement began

A larger gap between the rich and the poor

It could have resulted in a faster transition from agrarian society to industrial economy.

It would have led to an earlier adoption of laissez-faire policies in Britain.

It could have delayed the liberal free trade policies epitomized by the repeal of the Corn Laws.

It would have accelerated British imperial expansion due to increased industrial competition.

Women began working in factories but often faced lower wages than men for similar work.

Men increasingly took over domestic responsibilities allowing women more public presence.

Women dominated skilled artisanal trades displacing men from traditionally male occupations,

There was an equal distribution of factory jobs between men and women, reflecting shifting attitudes towards gender equality.

Direct increase in domestic agricultural production as families moved to cities yet maintained farming practices to support themselves.

Prompt reversal to extended family living arrangements as a response to rapid industrial growth and housing shortages.

Uniform adoption of family planning across social classes leading to marked decline in birth rates in industrialized regions.

Shifts toward nuclear family units resulting from migration from rural to urban areas for employment opportunities.

Enlightenment thinkers challenged traditional authority through rational thought and objective evidence.

Utilitarians promoted absolute freedom of action regardless of the consequences to society at large.

Romanticists advocated for a return to medieval societal structures, rejecting modernity and industrialization.

Rationalists emphasized emotional expression, personal experience, and spiritual aspects of life.

Mechanized farming equipment increased production efficiency.

Traditional hand tools were used more widely than before.

There was a global movement back towards subsistence farming.

Personal kitchen gardens became more common than large-scale farms.

Working class, middle class, and super-wealthy

Bourgeoisie, proletariat, and farmers

Lower class, middle class, and bourgeoisie

Farmers, factory workers, and capitalists