#AP World History: Modern - Dar al-Islam Study Guide 🕌

Hey! Let's get you prepped for the exam with a super-focused review of Dar al-Islam. Think of this as your ultimate cheat sheet, designed to make everything click right before the big day! 🚀

#Foundations of Islam & Dar al-Islam

#What is Islam? ☪️

• Monotheistic Faith: Founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. Muslims believe in one God, Allah.
• Quran: The holy book of Islam, believed to be the final revelation of God's word.
• Key Beliefs: Muhammad is the last prophet, following in the line of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
• Sharia Law: A strict code of conduct covering all aspects of life, from prayer to social behavior.
• Global Reach: One of the world's largest and fastest-growing religions, dominant in many regions.

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🌍

• Meaning: Arabic for "the abode of Islam," referring to lands where Islam is dominant and Sharia law is practiced.
• Contrast: Opposed to Dar al-Harb ("the abode of war"), which are non-Islamic lands.
• Goal: Traditionally, Muslims aimed to spread Islam and establish a unified global Muslim society.
• Historical Context: During the 7th-13th centuries, it referred to Muslim-controlled territories.
• Modern Interpretation: Now often used to refer to the global Muslim community.

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⚔️

• Trade Connections: Islamic expansion across North Africa and the Middle East boosted trade networks.
• Jizya Tax: Non-Muslims paid this tax for protection and religious freedom within Muslim-controlled lands.
• Varying Application: Jizya was sometimes a sign of submission, other times a way to allow religious practice.

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🛡️

• Location: Tours, France (also known as the Battle of Poitiers).
• Combatants: Frankish forces led by Charles Martel vs. Islamic army.
• Outcome: Frankish victory halted Islamic expansion into Europe.
• Significance: A turning point, marking the end of Islamic conquest in Europe and the start of Christian reconquest.

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🇪🇸

• Location: Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal).
• Character: A center of culture, learning, and trade under Muslim rule.
• Diversity: Influenced by Arab, Berber, and Jewish cultures, creating a tolerant society.
• Legacy: Visible in the art, architecture (like Cordoba), and ironwork of Toledo.

Caption: The extent of Islamic expansion. Image Courtesy of Wikipedia

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👩‍⚖️

• Varying Roles: Women's positions have changed throughout history due to cultural, social, and political factors.
• Islamic Teachings: Men and women are considered equal before God with equal rights and responsibilities.
• Practice vs. Theory: Interpretation of these teachings has varied, leading to discriminatio...