Causation in the Age of the Cold War and Decolonization

#Challenging Political and Social Order

People around the world expressed their discontent with existing political and social structures, leading to significant global conflicts. Let's dive in! 🌍

#Fighting for Freedoms

Popular uprisings challenged Soviet-backed governments in Eastern Europe and traditional power structures in Latin America.

• Eastern Europe: *

* These movements were crushed by the Soviet Union, highlighting its determination to maintain control. * The Prague Spring included significant reforms like greater press freedom and the release of political prisoners.

• Latin America: *

* **Cuba:** Fidel Castro's **26th of July Movement** overthrew the US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959. * **Chile:** Salvador Allende's socialist government was overthrown in a US-backed coup in 1973. ### Decolonization

World War II fueled anti-imperialism, leading to the end of European colonial empires across Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. 🗺️

• Asia: *

* **India:** Led by Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, India gained independence from British rule in 1947. * Other countries gaining independence include Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

• Africa: *

* **Kenya:** The **Mau Mau Uprising** was a key factor in Kenya's independence in 1963. * **Algeria:** The **National Liberation Front (FLN)** led a war of independence against France, resulting in Algeria's independence in 1962. * Other African countries that gained independence include Ghana, Guinea, and Senegal.

• Caribbean:
  • Anti-colonial movements also led to independence.
  • Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago gained independence in 1962, and Guyana in 1966. *