json
{
  "mcq": [
    {
      "question": "Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the Underground Railroad?",
      "options": [
        "A) To promote gradual emancipation through legal means",
        "B) To provide financial assistance to enslaved people",
        "C) To facilitate the escape of enslaved people to freedom",
        "D) To organize political protests against slavery"
      ],
      "answer": "C"
    },
    {
      "question": "The Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850 had which of the following effects on the Underground Railroad?",
      "options": [
        "A) They increased the number of people willing to assist escaped enslaved people.",
        "B) They made the operation of the Underground Railroad more dangerous and difficult.",
        "C) They led to the immediate end of slavery in the United States.",
        "D) They had no impact on the activities of the Underground Railroad."
      ],
      "answer": "B"
    },
    {
      "question": "Which of the following is NOT a method used by people on the Underground Railroad to avoid detection?",
      "options": [
        "A) Traveling at night",
        "B) Using coded language and symbols",
        "C) Using public transportation during the day",
        "D) Relying on safe houses and secret routes"
      ],
      "answer": "C"
    }
  ],
    "frq": {
      "question": "Explain how the Underground Railroad operated and the challenges it faced, including the impact of the Fugitive Slave Acts. In your response, discuss the roles of both Black and white abolitionists and the significance of coded communication and safe houses.",
      "scoring_breakdown": [
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Identifies the Underground Railroad as a secret network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Describes the roles of Black abolitionists (e.g., guiding, assisting) and white abolitionists (e.g., financial support, shelter)."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Explains the use of coded communication (e.g., quilt patterns, songs) and safe houses in the operation of the Underground Railroad."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Discusses the challenges faced by the Underground Railroad, such as the Fugitive Slave Acts."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Explains the impact of the Fugitive Slave Acts (e.g., increased danger, legal consequences for abolitionists, fear of recapture for escaped individuals)."
        },
         {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Provides a well-organized and clear response with specific examples."
        }
      ]
    }
}

json
{
  "mcq": [
    {
      "question": "Which of the following best describes Harriet Tubman's role in the Underground Railroad?",
      "options": [
        "A) A financial supporter",
        "B) A conductor who guided enslaved people to freedom",
        "C) A legal advocate for abolition",
        "D) A writer who published anti-slavery pamphlets"
      ],
      "answer": "B"
    },
    {
      "question": "In addition to her work on the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman also served as a:",
      "options": [
        "A) Confederate general",
        "B) Union spy and nurse",
        "C) Diplomat to Great Britain",
        "D) Plantation owner"
      ],
      "answer": "B"
    },
    {
      "question": "What was the significance of the Combahee River raid led by Harriet Tubman?",
      "options": [
        "A) It marked the end of the Civil War",
        "B) It led to the passage of the 13th Amendment",
        "C) It was the first major military operation led by an American woman",
        "D) It resulted in the capture of Harriet Tubman"
      ],
      "answer": "C"
    }
  ],
  "frq": {
    "question": "Describe Harriet Tubman's contributions to the abolitionist movement, focusing on her role in the Underground Railroad and her service during the Civil War. Explain how her actions reflect her commitment to freedom and equality.",
    "scoring_breakdown": [
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Describes Tubman's role as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, including her multiple trips to the South and the number of people she led to freedom."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Explains how Tubman used spirituals and coded songs to communicate and guide enslaved people."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Discusses Tubman's service as a spy and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War, including her intelligence gathering and care for wounded soldiers and freed people."
        },
         {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Explains the significance of the Combahee River raid, highlighting her leadership and its impact on the liberation of enslaved people and the destruction of Confederate resources."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Analyzes how Tubman's actions demonstrate her commitment to freedom and equality for African Americans."
        },
         {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Provides a well-organized and clear response with specific examples."
        }
      ]
  }
}

json
{
  "mcq": [
    {
      "question": "According to Harriet Tubman's reflection in *The Refugee*, what was a primary fear of enslaved individuals?",
      "options": [
        "A) Being sold to another plantation",
        "B) Being carried away by white men",
        "C) Losing their family members",
        "D) Being punished for disobedience"
      ],
      "answer": "B"
    },
    {
      "question": "What does the excerpt from *Harriet, the Moses of Her People* by Sarah H. Bradford reveal about the use of spirituals by enslaved people?",
      "options": [
        "A) They were mainly used for entertainment",
        "B) They were used to communicate coded messages about escape plans",
        "C) They were only sung during religious services",
        "D) They had no real significance to the enslaved population"
      ],
      "answer": "B"
    },
    {
      "question": "In the excerpt from *Harriet, the Moses of Her People*, what does the phrase 'With only the North Star for her guide' symbolize?",
      "options": [
        "A) The lack of resources available to escaping slaves",
        "B) The importance of astronomy in the South",
        "C) A literal and symbolic guide to freedom",
        "D) The dangers of traveling at night"
      ],
      "answer": "C"
    }
  ],
    "frq": {
      "question": "Analyze how the primary source excerpts from *The Refugee* and *Harriet, the Moses of Her People* provide insights into the experiences of enslaved people and the challenges they faced when seeking freedom. In your response, discuss the themes of fear, resistance, communication, and the significance of faith and hope.",
      "scoring_breakdown": [
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Identifies and explains the theme of fear experienced by enslaved people as described in *The Refugee*."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Discusses the theme of resistance, focusing on the use of coded communication and spirituals to plan escapes, as highlighted in *Harriet, the Moses of Her People*."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Analyzes the emotional impact of escape on families, as depicted in both sources."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Explains the importance of faith and hope in sustaining the enslaved during their journey to freedom, as shown in both sources."
        },
        {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Discusses the symbolism of the North Star as both a literal guide and a symbol of hope for escaping slaves."
        },
         {
          "point": 1,
          "description": "Provides a well-organized and clear response with specific examples from both sources."
        }
      ]
    }
}