All Flashcards
What is the effect of observing aggressive behavior on children?
Children who observe aggressive behavior are more likely to act aggressively themselves.
What is the effect of positive reinforcement on behavior?
Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is the effect of punishment on behavior?
Punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is observational learning?
Learning behaviors by observing and imitating others, even without direct instruction.
What is the key takeaway from the Bobo doll experiment?
It demonstrated the power of modeling, showing that children are more likely to act aggressively if they observe adults behaving aggressively.
What is the role of mirror neurons in imitation?
Mirror neurons are thought to be the reason why we can so easily imitate others; our brains are wired to copy.
What is the main goal of punishment in behavior modification?
To decrease unwanted behaviors by adding something unpleasant or removing something desirable.
What is the main goal of reinforcement in behavior modification?
To encourage good behaviors by adding something desirable or removing something unpleasant.
What is the key idea behind latent learning?
Learning can occur without immediate reinforcement and only becomes clear when there is a need to use it.
What did Tolman's rat maze experiment demonstrate about learning?
Rats could learn the layout of a maze even without a reward, developing a cognitive map.
What is the focus of abstract learning?
Understanding general concepts or categories rather than just specific examples.
What did the pigeon studies demonstrate about abstract learning?
Pigeons can understand abstract concepts, such as 'chair', and not just specific images they were trained on.
What is the hallmark of insight learning?
A sudden 'aha!' moment when you figure out a solution to a problem, rather than through trial and error.
What did Kohler's chimpanzee studies reveal about problem-solving?
Chimpanzees can solve complex problems by suddenly understanding how to use tools, demonstrating insight learning.
Compare positive and negative reinforcement.
Positive reinforcement adds something desirable to increase behavior; negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant to increase behavior.
Compare positive and negative punishment.
Positive punishment adds something unpleasant to decrease behavior; negative punishment removes something desirable to decrease behavior.
Compare latent learning and insight learning.
Latent learning occurs without immediate reinforcement and is not immediately apparent; insight learning involves a sudden understanding of how to solve a problem.