All Flashcards
What is the effect of observing aggressive behavior on children?
Children who observe aggressive behavior are more likely to act aggressively themselves.
What is the effect of positive reinforcement on behavior?
Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is the effect of punishment on behavior?
Punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is observational learning?
Learning behaviors by observing and imitating others, even without direct instruction.
What is the key takeaway from the Bobo doll experiment?
It demonstrated the power of modeling, showing that children are more likely to act aggressively if they observe adults behaving aggressively.
What is the role of mirror neurons in imitation?
Mirror neurons are thought to be the reason why we can so easily imitate others; our brains are wired to copy.
What is the main goal of punishment in behavior modification?
To decrease unwanted behaviors by adding something unpleasant or removing something desirable.
What is the main goal of reinforcement in behavior modification?
To encourage good behaviors by adding something desirable or removing something unpleasant.
What is the key idea behind latent learning?
Learning can occur without immediate reinforcement and only becomes clear when there is a need to use it.
What did Tolman's rat maze experiment demonstrate about learning?
Rats could learn the layout of a maze even without a reward, developing a cognitive map.
What is the focus of abstract learning?
Understanding general concepts or categories rather than just specific examples.
What did the pigeon studies demonstrate about abstract learning?
Pigeons can understand abstract concepts, such as 'chair', and not just specific images they were trained on.
What is the hallmark of insight learning?
A sudden 'aha!' moment when you figure out a solution to a problem, rather than through trial and error.
What did Kohler's chimpanzee studies reveal about problem-solving?
Chimpanzees can solve complex problems by suddenly understanding how to use tools, demonstrating insight learning.
How can prosocial modeling be applied in parenting?
Parents can model good manners, kindness, and sharing to teach their children these positive behaviors.
How is positive punishment applied in schools?
Giving a student extra homework for misbehaving in class.
How is negative punishment applied by parents?
Taking away a child's phone for breaking curfew.
How is positive reinforcement used in dog training?
Giving a dog a treat for sitting on command.
How is negative reinforcement applied in cars?
The car alarm stops when you buckle your seatbelt.
How can latent learning be applied to learning a new city?
Exploring a new city without a specific goal in mind, then later being able to navigate it easily when needing to get somewhere.
How can abstract learning be applied to understanding different types of dogs?
Understanding the general concept of 'dog' even when seeing breeds you've never encountered before.
How can insight learning be applied to solving a puzzle?
Suddenly realizing a new strategy to fit the pieces together after struggling for a while.