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Compare positive and negative reinforcement.
Positive reinforcement adds something desirable to increase behavior; negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant to increase behavior.
Compare positive and negative punishment.
Positive punishment adds something unpleasant to decrease behavior; negative punishment removes something desirable to decrease behavior.
Compare latent learning and insight learning.
Latent learning occurs without immediate reinforcement and is not immediately apparent; insight learning involves a sudden understanding of how to solve a problem.
How can prosocial modeling be applied in parenting?
Parents can model good manners, kindness, and sharing to teach their children these positive behaviors.
How is positive punishment applied in schools?
Giving a student extra homework for misbehaving in class.
How is negative punishment applied by parents?
Taking away a child's phone for breaking curfew.
How is positive reinforcement used in dog training?
Giving a dog a treat for sitting on command.
How is negative reinforcement applied in cars?
The car alarm stops when you buckle your seatbelt.
How can latent learning be applied to learning a new city?
Exploring a new city without a specific goal in mind, then later being able to navigate it easily when needing to get somewhere.
How can abstract learning be applied to understanding different types of dogs?
Understanding the general concept of 'dog' even when seeing breeds you've never encountered before.
How can insight learning be applied to solving a puzzle?
Suddenly realizing a new strategy to fit the pieces together after struggling for a while.
What is the effect of observing aggressive behavior on children?
Children who observe aggressive behavior are more likely to act aggressively themselves.
What is the effect of positive reinforcement on behavior?
Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is the effect of punishment on behavior?
Punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.