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When was the UN established?
1945, by the Allied forces after WWII.
When was the WTO established?
1995, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
When was the World Bank created?
1944, at the Bretton Woods Conference.
When was the European Economic Community (EEC) established?
1957, to promote economic integration among member countries.
When was ASEAN founded?
1967, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration.
What was the Bretton Woods Conference?
A 1944 meeting that established the World Bank and IMF.
What was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?
A temporary post-WWII organization that reduced tariffs and trade barriers, replaced by the WTO in 1995.
What was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
A trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
What was the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)?
A trade agreement between 12 countries (the US withdrew in 2017).
What was Resolution 226?
A UN General Assembly resolution in 2020 that addressed the rights of migrants and asylum seekers.
Compare the League of Nations and the UN.
The League of Nations was a post-WWI attempt at global cooperation that failed due to lack of support from major powers. The UN was established after WWII with broader participation and a stronger mandate.
Compare the WTO and GATT.
GATT was a temporary post-WWII agreement focused on reducing tariffs. The WTO replaced GATT in 1995 with a broader mandate to regulate international trade.
Compare the IBRD and IDA.
Both are part of the World Bank. The IBRD provides assistance to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries, while the IDA provides assistance to the poorest countries.
Compare the EU and ASEAN.
Both are regional economic organizations. The EU is a political and economic union of European countries, while ASEAN promotes economic cooperation among Southeast Asian nations.
Compare NAFTA and TPP.
Both are free trade agreements. NAFTA was between the US, Canada, and Mexico, while the TPP was a broader agreement between 12 countries (excluding the US after 2017).
Compare multilateral and bilateral FTAs.
Multilateral FTAs are agreements between more than two countries and are more complex to negotiate. Bilateral FTAs are agreements between two countries.
Compare the UN's peacekeeping efforts in Mozambique and Somalia.
The UN's peacekeeping efforts were successful in Mozambique, but faced challenges and limitations in Somalia.
Compare the goals of the EEC and the EU.
The EEC was primarily focused on economic integration among member countries. The EU has broader goals, including economic integration, social cohesion, and environmental sustainability.
Compare the economic structures of the EU and ASEAN.
The EU has a common market and single currency, while ASEAN aims to create a single market and production base.
Compare the UN's response to the Rwandan genocide and its peacekeeping efforts in El Salvador.
The UN's response to the Rwandan genocide was criticized for being too slow and ineffective, while its peacekeeping efforts in El Salvador were considered successful.
What was the cause of the UN's establishment, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Failure of the League of Nations. Effect: Provided a space for nations to discuss global issues and find shared solutions.
What was the cause of the creation of the WTO, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Need to reduce trade barriers and promote fair competition. Effect: Increased international trade and economic interdependence.
What was the cause of the World Bank's creation, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Need for financial assistance to rebuild Europe and develop poorer nations. Effect: Provided loans and grants for development projects.
What was the cause of the formation of the EU, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Desire for economic integration and political cooperation in Europe. Effect: Creation of a common market and single currency.
What was the cause of the formation of ASEAN, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Desire for economic cooperation and integration in Southeast Asia. Effect: Increased trade and economic growth among member countries.
What is a cause of Free Trade Agreements, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Desire to reduce tariffs and promote trade. Effect: Increased trade and economic growth between participating countries.
What is a cause of the UN's peacekeeping missions, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Desire to prevent conflicts and maintain international peace. Effect: Reduced conflict in some regions, but with limitations and challenges.
What was the cause of the creation of the IBRD, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Need to provide assistance to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries. Effect: Financed projects to improve infrastructure and promote economic growth.
What was the cause of the creation of the IDA, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Need to provide assistance to the poorest countries. Effect: Provided grants and loans to support development projects in the world's poorest nations.
What was the cause of the failure of the League of Nations, and what is a key effect?
Cause: Lack of participation by major powers like the USA and USSR. Effect: Led to the creation of the United Nations with broader participation.