All Flashcards
What was the contribution of entrepreneurs?
Entrepreneurs invested in new technologies and factories, driving industrial growth and creating new businesses.
Define Industrial Revolution.
A period of major technological, transportation, and manufacturing advancements (c. 1750-1900) that shifted production from homes to factories.
What is a steam engine?
A machine that uses steam power to perform mechanical work, crucial for powering factories and machines during the Industrial Revolution.
What is a cotton gin?
A machine that separates cotton fibers from seeds, revolutionizing textile production.
What is a power loom?
A mechanized loom powered by steam or water, greatly increasing the speed and efficiency of weaving cloth.
Define crop rotation.
The practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health and increase agricultural output.
What is a seed drill?
A device that sows seeds at equal distances and proper depth, boosting agricultural productivity.
What is the Enclosure Act?
A series of laws in England that consolidated land ownership, restricting common land use and pushing people towards cities.
Define urbanization.
The process of population shift from rural areas to urban centers, driven by the concentration of factories and jobs in cities.
What is specialization of labor?
The division of work into specific tasks, where workers focus on a single part of the production process, increasing efficiency.
What is an assembly line?
A manufacturing process where parts are added sequentially to create a finished product, maximizing production efficiency.
When did the Industrial Revolution primarily occur?
Approximately 1750-1900.
What was the significance of the Enclosure Acts?
Restricted land ownership in rural areas, pushing people to cities and providing a labor force for factories.
What was the impact of new energy sources like coal?
Coal powered steam engines, boosting production and lowering costs, enabling factories to operate efficiently.
What was the effect of urbanization?
Cities grew rapidly as people moved for factory jobs, leading to new social and economic challenges.
What was the impact of the cotton gin?
Revolutionized textile production by efficiently separating cotton fibers from seeds, leading to a boom in the textile industry.
What was the effect of the factory system?
It centralized production, increased efficiency through specialization of labor, and altered living and working conditions.
What was the role of colonies in the Industrial Revolution?
Colonies provided raw materials and new markets for industrialized nations, fueling further industrial growth.
What was the significance of crop rotation?
It improved soil health and increased agricultural output, supporting growing populations and providing labor for factories.
What was the impact of the assembly line?
It maximized production efficiency by dividing work into specific tasks, leading to mass production and lower costs.
What was the effect of improved agricultural activity?
Supported growing populations by providing more food, which allowed more people to move to cities and work in factories.