#AP World History: Modern - Industrial Revolution Study Guide 🚀

Welcome! This guide is designed to help you ace the AP World History: Modern exam, focusing on the Industrial Revolution. Let's break down this crucial period together!

#1. Foundations of the Industrial Revolution (1750-1900)

#1.1. What Was It?

The Industrial Revolution (c. 1750-1900) was a period of massive technological, transportation, and manufacturing advancements. It shifted production from homes to factories, primarily in Britain, the United States, Germany, and France.

#1.2. Key Factors

Several factors combined to spark the Industrial Revolution:

• New Energy Sources: Coal and steam power were game-changers. The steam engine powered factories and machines, boosting production and lowering costs.
• Technological Innovations:
  • Cotton gin and power loom revolutionized textile production. 🪡
  • These inventions led to the booming textile industry.
• Environmental Factors:
  • Proximity to waterways (rivers, canals) for power and transport.
  • Abundant natural resources like coal, iron, and timber.
  • Urbanization: Cities grew as people moved for factory jobs.
  • Legal protection of private property encouraged investment.
  • Improved agricultural activity, like crop rotation and the seed drill, and new crops like the potato, supported growing populations.
  • Access to foreign resources and markets from colonies.
  • Capitalism as an economic system fueled the growth.

#1.3. The British Advantage

• Enclosure Act: Restricted land ownership in rural areas, pushing people to cities.
• Colonies: Provided raw materials and new markets.
• Coal: Abundant coal resources fueled factories.

The combination of the...