#AP World History: Modern - The Night Before Cram Session 🚀

Hey! Let's get you prepped and confident for your AP World History: Modern exam. We're going to break down the key stuff, make it stick, and get you ready to rock! 💪

#🕰️ Continuity & Change Over Time (The Big Picture)

It's all about spotting what stayed the same and what changed. Think of it like a river: the water flows (change), but the riverbed (continuity) stays mostly put.

#🔄 Continuity

Even with massive shifts, some things just stick.

#⛪ Religion

• Major religions like Judaism, Islam, and Christianity remained influential.

#🌍 Political Borders

• Despite some post-WWII changes, most countries kept their existing borders.

#🎭 Culture

• Traditional practices remained crucial, especially in cultures valuing their heritage. These customs are a way to connect with the past and maintain stability. - Example: Jewish observance of the Sabbath, even with modern transport.

Caption: A street in Jerusalem during Sabbath, where daily activities are paused in observance. - **Indigenous cultures** maintained hunting, fishing, farming, and spiritual practices. - **Festivals & celebrations** passed down through generations, strengthening community bonds.

#🏘️ Social Structures

• In the West, the middle class remained largely white-collar workers with education-based status.

- However, countries like **Russia, Brazil, China, and India** saw some shifts, but still lagged behind the West in social mobility. - **India's caste system** is a prime example of continuity.

#💥 Change

The 20th century was a whirlwind of change, especially in technology.

#⚙️ Economics

• Petroleum & nuclear power boosted production.

- The global economy saw increased exploitation of less-developed nations. - **Emerging economic powers** like China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan challenged the US. - Nations moved from **laissez-faire to more regulated economies.**

#🌍 Environment

• Air travel exploded, with over 20,000 airports in the US by 2006.
  Quick Fact

Transportation advancements shrink the world.

- The **space race** pushed the limits of human exploration. Caption: The launch of Apollo 11, a symbol of humanity's push for space exploration. - **Increased fuel demand** led to more petroleum extraction. - **Pollution** from factories, cars, and waste contributed to climate change.

#🏛️ Politics

• Activism & protests spread via social media.

- **Gandhi's nonviolent protests** in India pushed for independence. - **Civil Rights Act** in the US and the **end of Apartheid** in South Africa show progress. - Some governments **suppressed protests** with violence.

#🔬 Technology

• The internet revolutionized communication.

- **Medicine:** Vaccines, sanitation, and antibiotics decreased mortality rates. - **Energy:** Nuclear and renewable sources emerged. - **Communication:** Digital phones, computers, and social media transformed interactions. - **Transportation:** Cars, planes, and ships became more efficient. - **Agriculture:** Genetically modified crops led to the Green Revolution.

#🎨 Arts

• Conceptual art & minimalism challenged traditional forms.

- **Feminist & multicultural movements** promoted diversity in the arts. - **New technologies** like TV, film, and digital media created new art forms. - **Globalization** led to the blending of cultural influences in art. - **Transnationalism** explored identities and experiences across borders.

#🎯 Final Exam Focus

Okay, here's the game plan for acing this exam:

#🥇 High-Value Topics

• Industrialization & its impacts (economic, social, environmental)
• Global conflicts (WWI, WWII, Cold War)
• Decolonization & nationalism
• Technological advancements and their consequences
• Continuity & change in social structures and culture

#📝 Common Question Types

• Multiple Choice: Focus on specific events, dates, and cause-and-effect relationships.
• Short Answer Questions (SAQs): Practice concise, direct answers with historical evidence.
• Long Essay Questions (LEQs): Develop a strong thesis, use evidence, and analyze historical trends.
• Document-Based Questions (DBQs): Analyze primary source documents, identify point of view, and make connections to broader historical themes.

#🚀 Last-Minute Tips

• Stay Calm: You've got this! Deep breaths and a positive mindset can make a big difference.
• Review Key Terms: Make sure you know the key vocabulary.
• Trust Your Prep: You've put in the work. Believe in yourself!

#❓ Practice Questions

Practice Question

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following best describes a major continuity in the social structures of many countries in the period 1900-present? (A) The complete disappearance of social hierarchies (B) The persistence of traditional social class divisions (C) A rapid increase in social mobility in all regions (D) The complete equality of all social groups

2. The Green Revolution, which occurred in the mid-20th century, is best characterized by which of the following? (A) A decrease in agricultural productivity due to environmental concerns (B) A major shift towards organic farming practices (C) An increase in agricultural productivity due to new technologies and crop varieties (D) A decline in the use of fertilizers and pesticides

Short Answer Question (SAQ):

1. Briefly explain ONE way in which technological advancements in the 20th century changed the environment. Then, briefly explain ONE way in which political activism in the 20th century led to significant social change.

Free Response Question (FRQ):

Analyze the continuities and changes in global economic systems from 1900 to the present.

Scoring Breakdown:

• Thesis (1 point): A clear, historically defensible thesis that addresses the prompt.
• Contextualization (1 point): Describes a broader historical context relevant to global economic systems from 1900 to the present.
• Evidence (2 points): Provides at least two specific pieces of historical evidence relevant to continuities and changes in global economic systems from 1900 to the present.
• Analysis & Reasoning (2 points): Explains how the evidence supports an argument about continuities and changes in global economic systems from 1900 to the present.
• Complexity (1 point): Demonstrates a nuanced understanding of the topic by considering diverse perspectives or by explaining relevant connections between different historical developments.

Alright, you've got this! Go get 'em! 🎉